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The Martinique macaw or orange-bellied macaw〔 (''Ara martinicus'') is a hypothetical extinct species of macaw which may have been endemic to the island of Martinique, an island in the eastern Caribbean Sea. It was scientifically named by Walter Rothschild in 1905, based on a 1630s description of "blue and orange-yellow" macaws by Père Jacques Bouton. No other evidence of its existence is known, but it may have been identified in contemporary artwork. Some writers have suggested that the birds observed were actually blue-and-yellow macaws (''Ara ararauna''). The "red-tailed blue-and-yellow macaw" (''Ara erythrura''), another species described by Rothschild in 1907 based on a 1658 account, is thought to be identical to the Martinique macaw, if either has ever existed. The Martinique macaw is one of thirteen extinct macaw species that have been proposed to have lived in the Caribbean islands. Many of these species are now considered dubious because only three are known from physical remains, and there are no extant endemic macaws on the islands today. Macaws were frequently transported between the Caribbean islands and the South American mainland in both prehistoric and historic times, so it is impossible to know whether contemporaneous reports refer to imported or native species. ==Taxonomy== The Martinique macaw was scientifically described by Walter Rothschild in 1905, as a new species of the genus ''Anodorhynchus'', ''A. martinicus''. The taxon was solely based on a 1630s account by Père Jacques Bouton of blue and orange-yellow macaws from the Caribbean island of Martinique. Rothschild reclassified the species as ''Ara martinicus'' in his 1907 book, ''Extinct Birds'', which also contained a restoration of the bird by John Gerrard Keulemans. The reassignment lead to confusion as recently as 2001, when Williams and Steadman assumed the two names were meant to refer to separate birds.〔 The Martinique amazon (''Amazona martinicana'') of the same island, was also based solely on a contemporary description.〔 What Bouton described is likely to remain a mystery, but various theories havge been proposed.〔 In 1906, Tommaso Salvadori noted that the Martinique macaw seemed similar to the blue-and-yellow macaw (''Ara ararauna'') of mainland South America, and may had been the same bird.〔 James Greenway suggested Bouton's description could have been based on a captive bird. ''Edwards' Dodo'', a 1626 painting by Roelant Savery, shows several birds including a blue and yellow macaw, which is different from the mainland bird in having yellow undertail covert feathers instead of blue, but the origin of this macaw is unknown. Another macaw in the painting may be the also extinct Lesser Antillean macaw (''Ara guadeloupensis'').〔 Another Savery painting from about the same time shows a similar blue and yellow macaw, as does a mid-1700s illustration by Eleazar Albin.〔 In 1936, a Cuban scientist claimed to have found a stuffed Martinique macaw specimen, which was supposed to have been collected in 1845. After examination it was shown to be a hoax, combining a burrowing parakeet (''Cyanoliseus patagonus byroni'') with the tail of a dove.〔 In the article that named the Martinique macaw, Rothschild also listed an "''Anodorhynchus coeruleus''", supposedly from Jamaica. Salvadori also questioned this in 1906, as he was unsure what Rothschild was referring to. In his ''Extinct Birds'', Rothschild clarified that his first description was erroneous, as he had misread an old description. He renamed it ''Ara erythrura'', based on a 1658 description by Charles de Rochefort, and conceded that its provenance was unknown.〔 This supposed species subsequently received common names such as "red-tailed blue-and-yellow macaw" and "satin macaw" in the ornithological literature.〔〔 Greenway suggested Rochefort's description was dubious, as he had never visited Jamaica, and appeared to have based his account on one by Jean-Baptiste Du Tertre. If either bird ever existed, ''Ara erythrura'' is likely to have been identical to the Martinique macaw. Other similar blue and yellow macaws, such as the "great macaw" ("''Psittacus maximus cyanocroceus''") were also reported from Jamaica. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Martinique macaw」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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